Circulation is system is one of the 5 systems in oil well drilling operation. Drilling fluid is circulated in from surface trough drill string then back to surface trough annulus between drill string and open hole. The equipment in circulation system consist of all equipment from surface to bottom hole then back to surface providing pathway for the drilling fluid. Listing from upstream to downstream, the circulation equipment are: mud tank, mud pump, surface line, stand pipe, rotary hose, wash pipe/swivel, drill string, bit nozzle, annulus, return flowline, mud treatment equipment (shale shaker, desander, desilter, mud cleaner, centrifuge, degasser).
Why we need this circulation system in drilling operation? Circulation system is very essential in drilling operation. We can not drill a well. If we make comparative analog between human body and drilling operation, circulation system is the same with blood system, the mud pump is the same with hearth.
The benefits of circulation in drilling operation are:
1. Transporting drilled cutting from bottom hole to surface
2. Giving jetting effect to formation
3. Clean the bet from cutting (prevent bit balling)
4. Lubricate the drill bit
5. Cool the bit
6. Transverse the information from MWD/LWD tool
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